[Question #10478] Scared and need help understand a test

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22 months ago
Sexual encounter that has caused this fear was 6 years ago. Last year I was diagnosed with cancer and convinced myself that the encounter 6 years ago had caused me to have hiv and a weakened immune system causing the cancer. I’ve had the following tests ~
12/22 4th generation negative
1/23 4th generation negative
6/23 4th generation negative 
8/23 HIV1/2 RNA PCR QUALITATIVE non reactive 
8/23 HIV 1 RNA  PCR QUANTITATIVE 
<40 HIV 1 RNA NOT DETECTED
RANGE 40-10,000,000
I’ve read conflicting things about the <40 being recorded on the test. The lab says that just how they report but I’m terrified 
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Edward W. Hook M.D.
22 months ago
Welcome to our Forum and thanks for your implied confidence in our service.  I'll be glad to comment.

Interpretation of laboratory tests can sometimes be challenging and confusing for someone who does not work with them regularly.  The reports you have provided show that you have been tested for HIV in 3 different ways and all are negative proving that you were not infected.  4th generation tests actually test for HIV in two different ways, looking for antibodies to the HIV virus produced by an infected person as well as looking for virus protein is the virus itself is present.  PCR testing looks for viral RNA, the genetic material from the virus.  In your case, all 3 are negative and it is impossible for you to have been infected and not have at least one of those tests be positive.  FYI, every test has a lower limit below which they would not detect the presence of infection; in the case of PCR this lower limit is 40 copies of viral RNA when infected people have thousand, if not millions of copies present.  The lower limit is used in persons with known HIV who are on treatment to help demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment (which lowers the amount of circulating RNA) and is irrelevant to the diagnosis of infection when lots and lots of viral RNA is present.

I hope this explanation is helpful.  It's complicated but PROVES without a doubt that you do not have HIV.  There is no need for further testing related to HIV.

I hope this information is helpful.  I also hope that the management of your cancer is going well.  EWH


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22 months ago
So the <40 doesn’t mean they found copies of hiv in my body, correct? My only comfort is seeing “HIV 1 Rna Not Detected”. 
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Edward W. Hook M.D.
22 months ago
Correct.  No HIV RNA was detected at all.  EWH---
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22 months ago
Thank you