[Question #12369] HPV Questions

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8 months ago
Hi Experts,
I recently went for my PAP test and it came back abnormal, ASCUS. The doctor also did HPV test, which tested negative for 16/18 but I am positive for other High Risk. I was told to come back to retest again next year. I am in monogamous relationship, we've been together for a year and plan to get married. We've talked about STI's when we first got together. He was in 10 year monogamous relationship prior to me. I was abstinent for sex 3 years before him, but there has been some oral and skin contact with other men. I have also had anbormal PAP in the past (no HPV test done) about ten years ago but it came back clear in 3mths so I am uncertain if it is related.

I feel extremely anxious about disclosing this to him as I feel that he may potentially misunderstand HPV and assume it could not have been him since he was in monogamous relationship. My gynaecologist  told me that I must disclose because it is considered STI, and it is my duty to educate him on this. It's contradictory to information that I see elsewhere. 
My question is, should I disclose or wait for my second HPV test? Is it worth it go get HPV test again in 6 months? 
We are planning to have a baby sometime next year. Can this impact my fertility? 
If it helps, I was vaccinated with Gardasil but he was not. In my country, they do not recommend vaccine to men who only have sex with women. 

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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
8 months ago
Welcome to the forum. Thanks for your question. 

This is the usual situation for newly discovered HPV infections by Pap smear. You acquired it either from your current partner, or it is a reactivation of an infection acquired from any of whomever your previous partners might have been, no matter how long ago. If I had to guess, most likely it's from your current partner, but you will never know:  it rarely is possible to know when and from whom a particular HPV infection was acquired. And just as you can never know whether it's from a distant past partner, neither will your partner where it came from. In any case, having been sexually active with your partner for the past year, you can safely assume you and he are sharing (or have shared) this HPV infection, wherever it originated.

Is it necessary to discuss your current test result with your partner? From a medical or health standpoint, no:  if he was the source of your infection, he's immune to catching it again from you; and if not, he has been repeatedly exposed maybe for a full year and there's no point in changing your sex life with him at this point.

But from a relationship standpoint, I would think he should know the situation. We are not marital counselors, but as a matter of love, respect and honesty it makes sense to me. How would you feel if the situation were reversed-- if he'd had a new HPV diagnosis and didn't tell you? Or maybe delayed a year? You know him and I don't, so I can't give you definitive advice on this.

As far as repeat HPV testing, I see no reason not to follow your doctor's advice. ASCUS paps are not dangerous and don't typically change. On the other hand, knowing HPV DNA has been detected, you'll want to know that your Pap doesn't progress, and probably will be reassured if it returns to normal (which is the likely outcome). And nowadays HPV testing is pretty much automatic along with Pap smears. 

HPV has no effect on fertility.

I hope these comments are helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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8 months ago
Thanks for clarifying, will discuss with him. 
Follow up question: should I do my HPV test and PAP after one year as my dr recommended or before trying to get pregnant which would be earlier? Is there any risks to my baby if I am still positive? From what I am reading on our government site on HPV it states "Epidemiological studies indicate that maternal HPV infection could increase the risk of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes, and fetal death." 
Also, should my partner get a vaccine? In our country, they do not provide vaccine free of charge for males over 26 years old. 
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
8 months ago
As I said above, "As far as repeat HPV testing, I see no reason not to follow your doctor's advice." While there are some reports of HPV associations with the pregnancy problems you report, these are only associations that do not mean HPV is the likely cause of these problems; and in any case, my understanding is that they are very rare. Your gynecologist (and/or potential obstetrician) probably knows more about these issues than we do and should be the main source of any further information about this that you might desire. But I certainly would not advise delaying conception on account of your recently documented cervical HPV.

Your husband has been repeatedly exposed to your cervical HPV infection and likely infected; or he might have been the source of your infection. Either way, he is immune to catching the same HPV type(s) again and it is too late for the HPV vaccine to give him any benefit.
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