I’d like to better understand the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections (such as hepatitis or HIV) in situations where tools like an alum block soap or styptic pencil or pedi and mani tools are reused between clients—for example, in a barbershop setting. Could such items transmit infections if they come into contact with small cuts or blood, even if they are rinsed but not properly disinfected? Also, how significant is the risk of transmission if a healthcare worker does not sanitize their hands before putting on gloves to draw blood?