[Question #3651] Non-sexual HIV Transmission

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88 months ago
Hello. I am high school student, and just learning about HIV. There is a lot of misinformation among my friends. So, we had food delivered and I took it from the driver (it was in a plastic bag) but the food itself was in a container. When I was throwing away the container I saw something which looked like a couple of red/orange drops on the carton where a cook closes the container. We ate some of the food with bear hands. So I am wondering if i touched those droplets when I opened the container, and then touched food with my hand and eat it...would it be a risk? I know it could be something else, not blood, but if we assume it was blood? Thank you PS We have all tested on HIV day and I was negative, do I need to test again based on this scenario? Thank you. 
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
88 months ago
Welcome to the forum and thanks for your question -- and for your apparent interest in HIV prevention. That's the first step in staying safe!

As you learn about the risks of HIV (and other blood borne viral infections), it's crucial that you put the information into context. Also understand that the level of teaching in the average school about HIV/STD risks tends to be extremely simplistic, without important nuance. As one common example, it is said that "contact with blood" is a risk. However, that does not mean any and all potential contact with other persons' blood. HIV is actually pretty hard to transmit:  large amounts of the virus (not just one, two, or a few viruses) need to come into contact with particular kinds of cells that, for the most part, are deep inside the body. The kind of day to day contact that all humans have with other persons' blood from time to time -- shaking hands with someone who has a fresh cut on a finger or recently popped a pimple, for example -- simply is not enough. In theory, this might happen, if infected blood comes into direct contact with someone else's recent, fresh, still bleeding wound. However, in the entire history of the known worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic, with millions of infected people, there has never been a single case of someone infected by such non-intimate contact. Similarly, the household contacts of people with HIV never contact it themselves, even after 10-20 years of sharing toilets, eating utensils, towels etc -- and at times cleaning up their body fluids, like vomit or blood -- there are NO known cases of virus transmission (assuming, of course, the household contacts are not also sex partners or needle-sharing partners of the infected person).

Another fact that might interest you, and that probably was not stressed in the teaching you have had:  when an infected male has unprotected vaginal sex with a female partner, with deposit of HIV infected semen (with billions of viruses) directly inside her body, on average the risk of transmission is 1 chance in a thousand. That means it might take 3 years of daily vaginal sex before she catches it, and many regular sex partners of HIV infected people never become infected themselves. (They probably also didn't tell you that in your school health classes.) If it's only 1 in a thousand in those circumstances, what can the risk actually be with the sort of contact you have asked about.

So the kind of contact you describe is definitely no risk at all, and for sure you do not need HIV testing on account of such an event. Without exaggeration, here is ALL you need to do to stay free of HIV for your entire life:  do not have unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a new partner or someone of uncertain HIV status without using a condom. (Even oral sex is pretty much entirely safe for HIV, although not for other STDs.) And do not share drug injection equipment with anyone else. If you have unavoidable contact with large amounts of another person's blood (e.g., helping out at a recent auto accident), try to minimize blood contact and wash your hands afterward. That's all. There is absolutely no reason to be concerned about, or take precautions against, any other kind of contacts with other persons.

I'm not trying to minimize HIV or the importance of common sense steps at prevention. Do pay attention to all you have learned about choosing sex partners wisely, using condoms, and avoiding injection drug use. But don't freak out. HIV and other STDs are out there, and some are common. But the fact is that even the most sexually active persons usually don't catch HIV.

One more point, as long as we're talking about sexual safety:  If you have not had the HPV vaccine shots, be sure you do that, the sooner the better.

Finally, if you do additional online research about HIV, STDs, and their transmission risk and prevention, stick with professionally run or moderated sites (like this one, or academic or public health agencies) and avoid -- or take with a grain of salt whatever you see -- on sites run by and for people at risk, etc. Always remember that anyone can post anything they like online, and loads of misinformation is out there.

I hope this information is helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
87 months ago
Probably I should have added that swallowing HIV infected blood or fluids carries little or no risk. That's one of the reasons oral sex is risk free.

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