[Question #5562] HSV-1 Transmission Rate Oral to Genital and vice versa

Avatar photo
74 months ago

Hi, I was recently diagnosed with genital HSV-1 via a DNA PCR test from a swab of a sore on my vulva. My provider said I likely got it from someone who had cold sores on/in their mouth and may not have known they had the virus or maybe forgot it was so long ago? Before I broke out with the sores I had flu-like symptoms and was tested for the flu and it was negative. I took Tamiflu anyway and the symptoms resolved in a few days. After the flu-like symptoms resolved (fever, chills, headache and body ache), I had itching inside my vagina similar to a yeast infection. I treated this with OTC anti-fungal cream and also oral fluconazole but the itching did not resolve. After 4 days of failed yeast infection treatment and 1 week since I developed the flu symptoms, 6 very small red bumps appeared on my vulva. Overnight they became more sore and oozed. They were tender and stung when I urinated. The day after the sores appeared my gynecologist tested them and prescribed Valtrex. The sores healed within a week. I did not have any antibody blood testing done. Is it safe to assume that this was truly a new infection and first outbreak because I had the flu-like symptoms and never experienced sores before that I’m aware of? Or is it more likely I really had a cold virus (or the flu just not detected by the test) and had a recurrent outbreak because my immune system was weakened, but I had never noticed symptoms of an initial outbreak? Also, now that I know I’m positive for genital HSV-1, how likely am I to give it to my partners (male and female) through unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex (the sores were only on my vulva). I’ve read that genital HSV-1 is usually very mild compared to HSV- 2 and is likely to not occur again or only recur infrequently. It will also shed less frequently asymptomatically. Also, I’ve read that it is more likely for a man to give a woman HSV because the female genital tract has more mucosa. Is it true that the rate of transmission from a woman with genital HSV-1 to her partner on his/her mouth would be less or it is the same risk as oral HSV-1 to genitals? Thank you

Avatar photo
Terri Warren, RN, Nurse Practitioner
74 months ago
I answered most of this in another post - the only part that is different is your question about transmission from genitals to mouth vs. mouth to genitals.  The risk of far lower from genitals to mouth than the reverse as oral HSV 1 is shed about 25% of days measured in a person with recurrent cold sores vs. about 5% of days from the genitals of someone with genital HSV 1.  I hope that answers the question that you are asking at the end of your post.

Terri
---
Avatar photo
74 months ago
Thanks for your reply. One last question if you don’t mind: What is the risk of transmitting genital HSV-1 to the genitals of an uninfected person? Is it the same as the risk of transmission of genital HSV-1 to the mouth of an uninfected person? If I had sex with an uninfected person, would they be more likely to get it on their mouth or genitals? Or is it impossible to know? 
Avatar photo
Terri Warren, RN, Nurse Practitioner
74 months ago
I'm afraid we don't have any research about that at all so I couldn't honestly answer although it's not a common question but a good one!

Terri
---