[Question #5871] HIV Testing

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72 months ago
Had unprotected vaginal sex with a massage attendant in Bangkok. About 8 days later had some really weird symptoms which included sore throat, headache and two very swollen lymph nodes behind my knee.
15 days past exposure had negative std screen for syphilis, clamydia and gonnorhea and a non reactive 4th gen duo test for HIV.
Followed up with 4th gen duo test for HIV at day 21 and 27, which both came back negative.
Would you recommend a follow up test down the road?  The major concern was the very swollen lymph nodes behind the knees which have now subsided.
Thanks
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72 months ago
Forgot to mention the std screen looked for exposure to Hep B which was non reactive.
I have had the vaccinations for both Hep A/B.
Would exposure to HEP result in the swollen nodes behind both knees?
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
72 months ago
Welcome to the forum and thanks for your confidence in our services. I happened to log in soon after you posted it:  most users shouldn't expect such quick replies!

For sure your HIV test results are conclusive -- or so nearly so that I see no need for further testing. The first negative test (15 days after exposure) wasn't conclusive in itself, but it did show that your symptoms were not due to HIV. Anyone with HIV symptoms a week or more in duration has a positive blood test. (It's the immune reaction to HIV, not the virus itself, that causes symptoms. And so anti-HIV antibody as measured by the blood test, a measure of the immune system's response, must be positive.) Your n egative result at 4 weeks (27 days is close enough) is at least 98% reliable. If you want a truly conclusive lab result, have another AgAb (duo, 4th gen) test at 6+ weeks. But given the low chance of infection in the first place (low chance your partner had HIV, average risk if she did around 1 in 2,500), if it were me, I would not feel a need for further testing and would continue unprotected sex with my wife without worry.

As for the other STD tests, the negative gonorrhea and chlamydia tests at 15 days were conclusive. The syphilis blood test was too soon, however; it takes up to 6 weeks for syphilis blood tests to become positive. Syphilis is very unlikely in this situation, especially since you apparently did not develop a penile sore (chancre) in the next 3-4 weeks. I would recommend another syphilis test at 6 weeks, but you can expect a negative result.

Your lymph nodes:  Self assessment of lymph nodes by medically untrained persons is notoriously unreliabale. Not all pain or swellings behind the knee are necessarily lymph nodes. In addition, acute HIV infection never causes such localized lymph node inflammation; the swellings would be body wide (neck, underarms, groin, etc). Based on your obvious avocation (based on your username and email address), I would wonder whether you pulled a tendon or muscle while golfing. In any case, your test results prove it isn't (or wasn't) HIV. If that discomfort or swelling reappear, see a doctor. But I'm sure this has nothing to do with your massage parlor adventure.

Final comment:  Unprotected vaginal sex? With a commercial sex worker (or massage attendant)?? In Bangkok??? I'm guessing alcohol was involved!  ;-)  Anyway, I hope you'll get into the condom habit for similar events in the future.

I hope these comments are helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
72 months ago
I saw your follow-up message after my reply above. Having been vaccinated, it is impossible you caught hepatitis A or B; and contrary to popular belief (and promotion of testing by laboratories), hep C is not heterosexually transmitted. In any case, no hepatitis causes lymph node inflammation. If indeed the swelling was due to lymph node inflammation, it had to be from a localized infection or inflammatory condition distal to the knee -- i.e. beyond the knee, such as a cut, blister, minor infection, hangnail, etc involving the lower leg or foot.---
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72 months ago
Thank you for the reasuring comments. The swelling behind each knee was identified as swollen nodes by my primary doc but the subsequent blood tests did not indicate any incidence of a bacterial infection. 
Thank you again for the reassurance. It is a great service which you provide.
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
72 months ago
I misunderstood that the swellings were behind both knees or that lymph node involvement was diagnosed by your doctor. That said, the test results prove for sure it wasn't HIV. I can't completely exclude syphilis as a possibility, but like HIV, lymph node involvement is syphilis usually is body wide. Still, given the nature of the exposure, it remains reasonable to have a syphilis blood test at 6 weeks.

That completes the two follow-up comments and replies included with each question and so ends this thread. I'm glad the discussion was helpful; thanks for your kind words.
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