[Question #7943] Anxiety or actual risk

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50 months ago
About two weeks ago, I had a sexual encounter with a man I did not know well (outside of the US - in a place with a slightly higher HIV rate according to Google). It primarily consisted of oral sex and mutual masturbation. I do not believe there was any penile-vaginal penetration (he said he didn’t) but there was also no condom usage. I do know for a fact he ejaculated into his hand. But I am now very worried about potential HIV exposure. I believe it is too soon to test, but I would like to test as soon as possible. I have a doctor’s appointment in the next two days, and am contemplating asking for a test at that time. I have a hard time figuring out if my concerns about penetration and possible risk are legit or just anxiety. It is also very difficult to find reliable sources to discuss concerns like this, so I appreciate this service. Is testing warranted? I do test annually, just as a matter of regular care.
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
50 months ago
Welcome to the forum. Thanks for your question and your confidence in our services. And congratulations for a rational approach to preventing HIV (and probably other STIs), as reflected by annual testing, suggesting a thoughtful attitude toward sexual health and safety.

This was a zero risk event, for a few reasons. First, if "slightly higher HIV rate" implies an industrialized country and other similarities to the US, the chance of having HIV in any particular sexually active straight male is extremely low. Second, HIV is rarely if ever transmitted sexually between males and females without penetration (probably) and without ejaculation in the vagina. Third, oral sex is zero to low risk. There has never been a proved case of HIV transmission by cunnilingus, to either the oral or vaginal partner; nor any proved case for the penile partner in fellatio. A few cases probably have occurred for the oral partner in fellatio, but at a rate CDC once calculated at 1 in 10,000 -- which is equivalent to giving BJs to HIV infected men once daily for 27 years before virus transmission might be likely. And even this probably would depend on ejaculation in the mouth, which apparently didn't happen.

Is testing warranted? From a strictly medical/risk perspective, no. While I cannot guarantee the risk was zero, the chance you were infected probably is no higher than one in a billion, and if I were you, I would be comfortable with my next annual routine screening test. That said, I'm not you -- and you wouldn't be here if you weren't nervous about it, and that won't necessarily be resolved by my expertise or by the statistical facts. So it's up to you:  if despite this assessment you're going to lose sleep until you have had a negative test result, by all means do be tested. You can have a nearly conclusive antigen-antibody (AgAb, "4th generation") blood test 4 weeks after the event and a truly 100% conclusive one at 6 weeks.

I hope this has been helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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50 months ago
Thank you, your assessment is very helpful. I am from the US, but this encounter was in the Caribbean. 
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
50 months ago
Thanks for the thanks. That's why we're here!---
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50 months ago
As I re-read your response, I want to ask one additional question. If penetration had happened, are you saying it makes a difference in risk if ejaculation takes place inside vs outside the vagina?
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
50 months ago
Ejaculation in the vagina elevates the risk. Without it, the chance of HIV transmission is very low, maybe zero. (Even with ejaculation in the vagina, if the nmale has HIV, a woman't average risk of catching it 1 once for every 1,000 exposures -- lower than you might have assumed, I'm guessing. It is equivalent to having sex with hinfected men once daily for 3 years before transmission becomes highly likely. Of course it can happen at any time, but usually only after many exposures.

That completes the two follow-up exchanges included with each question and so ends this thread. I hope the discussion has been helpful. Best wishes and stay safe.
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