[Question #8122] HIV and STD from risky exposure.

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48 months ago
Hello Doctors.I thank you for this service. It is a really amazing resource.I have asked a question here before, but had it deleted as there was too much in the way of identifying info. I’m just seeking some final clarification. I suffer from extreme anxiety (for which I am being treated). 

Beginning around the middle of March I had several unprotected encounters with one individual. I have had similar encounters with them a year previous as well. These encounters were extremely risky, as she is a drug user and csw. I have known her for several years as a friend. I have never known her to use needles. However, I have seen needles in her possession. 

There  were three possible exposures. The first time was the middle of March, the second time was April 8, and the final time was May 6. However, my anxiety keeps trying to convince me there was one I forgot after May 6. I have thoroughly examined my timeline and there is no chance that anything happened after May 6.

I was tested for HIV (4th Generation CMIA test), Gonorrhoea, and Clamydia  on May 20th (14 Days post exposure). All were negative. I wasn’t really aware of the window period at this time and thought I was clear. I reunited with my regular partner (which is amazing) and we had unprotected sex, like we would normally do on May 23 and June 7. 

 After reading more information I was tested for HIV (4th Generation CMIA test), Gonorrhoea, Clamydia, and Syphilis on June 10th (35 Days post exposure). All were negative, except for syphilis. It was likely in stage 2 (1:64). No other symptoms prior. Everything else was still good.I was treated for syphilis on June 22. My regular partner was tested and her results we negative for everything.  

I had a follow up HIV test on June 23 (4th Generation CMIA —- 48 Days post exposure) and that was also negative. 

My final test was July 16th (71 days post- also 4th gen), as well as Hep B and C. All Negative  

Am I in the clear, aside from retesting for syphilis?
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
48 months ago
I see I responded last time, a couple of weeks ago. I'll assume we addressed the exposures themselves that time, and will reply now only in regard to your test results and the syphilis issue. (Please plan on not deleting this message. There's clearly no potentially identifying information this time, and presumably you have chosen a username that completely obscures your identify. In event of a new question in the future, it will again be a bit frustrating to not see this thread.)

Your HIV tests are definitely conclusive. The 35 day result was nearly so, but for sure the 48 and 71 day test results proves you did not acquire an HIV infection. You also are in the clear in regard to hepatitis B and C.

Your syphilis situation appears to have been mis-managed in a potentially important way. Standard practice is that all partners of persons with infectious syphilis should be treated with benzathine penicillin, as presumably you were. Having had sex with your regular partner before your syphilis diagnosis, she was exposed and potentially infected and should have been treated. She must be treated now, without waiting for additional blood test result in her. In addition, because of this lapse, you may need re-treatment as well:  your regular partner was potentially infected and you therefore re-exposed. You and your partner should both check back with the doctor who has been managing your syphilis. In addition, I would advise all patients with syphilis to see a genuine syphilis expert, such as an infectious diseases or STD specialist. Please consider it if you are not certain about your current physician's expertise.

Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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48 months ago
Thanks for the quick reply. I'm glad the HIV is conclusive. There is so much conflicting information out there. I was concerned about if I should test again now that 3 months have passed.

As for syphilis, I did see an infectious disease specialist. He only was concerned with treating me. I have not got the follow-up blood work done yet.

When my partner and I had sex, I was not aware I had syphilis. I was treated after that time. However, we did have protected sex once following treatment. 

I am confused as to how syphilis is spread. Is it solely by contact with a chancre or another physical manifestation of the disease...or by fluids? What is the likelihood of transmission per contact with no physical symptoms?

Thanks for your time.
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
48 months ago
Anyone with recently acquired syphilis (under a year in duration) is highly infectious, whether or not visible lesions of any kind are present. The exact mechanisms have not been studied, but any if not most persons have difficult-to-see genital lesions or potentially infected secretions, like semen and other genital fluids. I'm quite surprised an ID specialist did not recommend treatment of your partner. I strongly recommend you recontact him or her; or contact your local health department -- preferably their STD program if they have one -- and describe the situation.

This is a very high priority. A true STD expert would not have managed you or your partner in any way other than what I have recommended. The official advice is slightly different than I said above, but it doesn't change the standard advice for you and your partner. Here is a direct quote from CDC's current (2021) guidelines:  "Persons who have had sexual contact with a person who receives a diagnosis of primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis within 90 days before the diagnosis should be treated presumptively for early syphilis, even if serologic tests are negative."
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48 months ago
Dr Handsfield

Thanks for the response. We will take get on top of this situation immediately. It seemed strange that they didn't give her the treatment. Her doctor actually said she didn't need to test again. We were just waiting until a bit of time had passed in order to retest outside of the window period.

I see now that is not a good idea. We will get it taken care of.

I just want to confirm if the protected sex we had put me at risk of catching it again. We were careful to avoid contact where there was no protection...or was that an immensely stupid thing to do? Will that reset the window period for me? We will definitely avoid it until we are both in the clear from now on.

That being said, thank you so much for all the information. I am glad to be in the clear for HIV etc. My test at 10 weeks was conclusive, correct? Why do they still say 3 months?




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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
48 months ago
Condoms reduce but do it eliminate syphilis transmission risk. If that sexual event with your partner was within 2 weeks of your penicillin treatment, that would have prevented you from being Reinfected. Beyond that time, probably you don’t need re-treatment. But even this might leave some uncertainty, especially of your RPR tiger doesn’t respond optimally from your own treatment. It’s probably best and simplest to just treat her and re-treat you.

Yes, your HIV test results are conclusive. Many or most agencies and experts no longer advise 3 month testing; others just haven’t gotten around to it or have hyper-conservative views about it.

That concludes this thread. I hope the discussion has been helpful. Best wishes and stay safe.
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