[Question #8524] Hiv test results

Avatar photo
43 months ago
Hi,

I had a risky exposure with a commercial sex worker. She asked if I was ok with lambskin condom, she said she was allergic to latex . I was unaware of the difference and I unknowingly said yes so I basically had unprotected vaginal sex with her  (I am a heterosexual male, uncircumcised)

I had a number of tests which all came out negative
1) HIV 1 RNA, QL REAL TIME PCR . I did this at the 12th day and 31st day and both were negative
2) HIV 1/2 ANTIGEN/ANTIBODY, FOURTH GENERATION W/RFL.  I did this on 24th, 27th, 34th, 41st days and all were negative

I have the following questions
1) There is so much debate about whether rna pcr tests should be used for diagnosis. Some believe its absolutely conclusive others say to still test with 4th gen at 45 days. I am confused whether to take the 31st day result of this test as conclusive or not
2) Is there significant difference between 41st day and 45th day. Is the result likely to change. I am planning to go anyways for the test on or after 45th day but just want to confirm
3) On the 42nd day, I had this rash/redness appear on my palms:

[Links deleted]

From google searching the symptoms (I know this is not encouraged) I found this looks similar to palmar erythema. I am wondering if somehow my tests missed the hiv in my body due to some underlying immune issue and I suddenly started doubting my test results . I wanted your opinion on this. 

Thanks


Avatar photo
H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
43 months ago
Welcome to the forum. Thanks for you question and your confidence in our services.

This really wasn't a particularly risky exposure. In the US and other industrialized countries, the large majority of female sex workers do not have HIV. In the US, generally around one in a thousand, sometimes as high as 1 in a hundred (1%). Second, it is wrong to assume that natural membrane condoms are unsafe. Any barrier is a lot better than none, and to my knowledge there have been no reports of HIV or any other STI that appeared to be acquired because a natural membrane versus latex or polyurethane condom. This sexual exposure was essentially zero risk for HIV. (As a side note, however, I'll point out that your CSW partner needn't rely upon natural membrane condoms; she could use polyurethane condoms instead of latex.)

Even if this had been truly high risk -- for example, entirely unprotected vaginal sex -- you really didn't need so many HIV tests. In any case, your negative results are 100% reliable. In theory, 45 days would be very slightly more reliable than 41 days for the AgAb blood tests. However, the combination of negative RNA PCR at 12 and 31 days plus negative antibody at 30 days or more is 100% conclusive.

Therefore, there is no possibility that your skin rash is due to HIV -- and in any case your description doesn't suggest an HIV infection. If it looks like palmar erythema, that's probably what you have. We do not examine posted photos: we and ASHA, the forum sponsor, consider this to be practicing medicine from a distance, which we cannot do (which is described in the FAQs). Sorry about that, but I have also deleted the links to your photos so they won't be available to other forum users. Anyway, the lab test results overrule the exposure history and any and all symptoms people may have:  even with a truly high risk exposure and/or very typical symptoms of ARS, a negative test result is to be trusted.

The bottom line is that you can be sure you didn't catch HIV. No more testing is needed, and if you have a regular sex partner, you can continue your normal sex life without any risk of transmission.

I hope this information is helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
---
---
---
Avatar photo
43 months ago
Thanks a lot doctor for replying and the information you mentioned greatly calms my hiv anxiety. Just had one follow up question that leaving my specific case aside what is your general guidance regarding when can one consider hiv 4th gen ag/ab test alone conclusive. 

Thanks
Avatar photo
H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
43 months ago
Officially, according to CDC -- and based on a comprehensive published scientific review of all available tests https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140890/ -- the AgAb tests are conclusive at 45 days. In fact, 98-99% of the time, they are conclusive earlier, around 4 weeks. On this forum, we advise 6 weeks, since it's an easy interval to remember and there is no meaningful difference between test reliability at 42 vs 45 days.---
Avatar photo
43 months ago
Thanks Doctor that is really helpful information. My anxiety is now relieved and I am at last able to have trust in my results without worrying about their conclusiveness. Wish you a good day!
Avatar photo
H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
43 months ago
I'm very glad to have helped -- thanks for your gracious thanks. That's why we're here!---