[Question #9880] 3rd generation homecare hiv rapid test

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28 months ago
Hello Doctors,
I had sex about 4-5 weeks ago with a massage therapist, she admitted that she only had sex twice in her lifetime. for a minute or 2, she rubs her vagina to my penis (but not the tip). After that, i put on a condom and then sex. Therefore i checked myself with a 3rd gen fingerprick hiv rapid test. the result was negative after i saw 15-30 ro 1 hour after the test (the package said dont see results after 20 mins). But When i wanted to throw out the test the next day (approx 36 hours), i saw a line on the T side. I saw some people also commented the same. i was panicking and i did 2 more tests as i have stock and they turned out neg after 20 mins, and apprntly some people have the same case as i had. Therefore, is it a false negative? why is the results of the tests can changes to positive after the max reading time? and will it be conclusive if i do the test after 8 weeks?
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28 months ago
sorry i meant false positive. thankyou
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
28 months ago
Welcome back to the forum. Thanks for your continued confidence in our services. This question came to me, but I have scanned your previous threads, all with Dr. Hook. I agree with all he said.

First, the exposure described carried little if any risk for HIV. The virus is not known to be transmissible by penile-vaginal contact without penetration. I can't say the risk was truly zero, but even if your partner has HIV, there was probably under one chance in a million it could have been transmitted from the exposure you have described. Had you asked ahead of time, I would have recommended against testing. (More about this below.)

Second, in reply to your main question:  There are good reasons the instructions for home HIV testing advise not to look at the test result after the specified time limit. Your negative test result -- as read at the specified time -- was correct; the test was negative. The positive line 36 hours later is meaningless. I'm not an expert in the technology or biochemistry of the test and cannot explain why negative results can show as apparently positive beyond the time recommended. But you should ignore the 36 hour result.

That said, the modern (3rd generation) HIV antibody tests are not conclusively negative until 6-8 weeks after the last possible exposure, so you might want to test yourself again 2-3 weeks from now. You can expect another negative result. Alternatively, have a lab-based 4th generation test at 6 weeks:  that negative result will be 100% conclusive.

Looking over your five forum questions over the past few months, you have had entirely low risk if not quite zero risk exposures for HIV. Rather than testing after every such event, it would be smarter to just get tested on a regular schedule, such as every 6-12 months. At those times have a urine test for gonorrhea and chlamydia and blood tests for HIV and syphilis. But if the kinds of contact you have had continues unchanged, it really makes no sense to be tested every time.

I hope these comments are helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

HHH, MD
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28 months ago
Thanks dr for the reply. I know i shouldnt do test for every action but i couldnt get to a peace of mind. Anyway, i have some question out of curiousity

1. Do you ever seen or heard any case of rapid test that changes from nonreactive to reactive outside the max reading time? Do false positives from the HIV screening is due to this or this case is counted as invalid result?

2. supposedly for people who have been exposed for more than 12 weeks, does the T line on the rapid test occurs at the same time as the C? or the C line will come first and then the T? if so, is it still on the reading time?

3. Do you think i should do more testing? i have observed for the past 2 weeks (week 2-4 after exposure), i only develop a diarrhea (for 1 day), and some skin rash that might be due to humidity. No fever, no muscle aches, no massive sore throat.

Thank you doctor
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
28 months ago
If you can't stand waiting to test periodically and keep doing it after each exposure, I suggest not using home self testing, but have a lab-based AgAb (4th generation) test at 6 weeks.

1. I have never had a patient or other experience with trying to interpret late readings of these tests. There are no scientific reports that late positive results proved to be true. I imagine it might happen if read only slightly late, say at 30 instead of 20 minutes. Beyond that, I'm sure it never happens. Given your apparent temptation to keep looking, I strongly recommend you discard the test as soon as you read the negative result at the time specified in the instructions (or even destroy it so you cannot even be tempted).

2. Time since exposure probably makes no difference, as long as the test is done past the window period.

3. Don't test any more. As I said above, the exposure described was not high enough to be tested for HIV.
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28 months ago
Thanks dr. I will now try to conclude about the rapid test with this final follow up :
1. Apprntly the late T line problem happened to some people that used not just this brand, but also different brands. One source said this caused by the positive control reagent leaked into patient test line area. Do you agree? Or can it be caused by the late development of the antibody reacting to the reagent? Ive observed and the line in the T starts to  show after 8-9 hours after testing.

2. Im sorry but i meant when a positive person do rapid test, does the T line shows during the period of reading time only? Or it can occured later after the recommended reading time

3. Ive done a lot of rapid tests (maybe once a month) since oct 2021, when i had unprotected vaginal sex and all comes with negative result during the read time period. Do you think its conclusive enough? 
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H. Hunter Handsfield, MD
28 months ago
1. As I said, I don't know why this happens. But the most logical explanation, I would think, is that the reagents embedded in the strip have nonspecific ongoing chemical reactions (e.g. exposure to moisture and oxygen?) that can produce colors like the positive results. Undoubtedly there are unpublished data in studies done by the test manufacturers, but I have not seen anything in the published medical literature (not that I have attempted to look).

2. In an infected person, the line will always be positive within the time stated in the test instructions.

3. Just one test is enough; I would never advise several tests after a single exposure event. But since you're so intensely focused on rare events, you should understand that rapid tests are inherently less reliable than lab-based HIV blood tests, with small but real chances (1-5%?) of missing cases. As noted above, a negative AgAb lab test at 6 weeks is 100% conclusive.

Each question comes with two follow-up exchanges for clarification, and we're there -- so that concludes this thread. I hope the discussion has been helpful. Best wishes and stay safe.
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